Technology and Its Effects on Children Essay Example for Free

Innovation and Its Effects on Children Essay The utilization of innovation has soar in the course of recent years, with an incredible ninetyfive percent of individuals using the web, continually checking cell phones, and depending on different types of media for amusement, mingling, or business related occasions. Contrasted and the computerized satellites, MP3 players, and Palm Pilots of the 1990s, the innovation today has really propelled, making numerous individuals become reliant on media-related gadgets. In excess of 50% of today’s youth add to this reliance. What isn't paid attention to enough is that this enthusiasm for innovation is pulverizing the brains of little youngsters by diverting them from significant family esteems, causing different harassing issues, presenting them to brutality, and inciting numerous wellbeing dangers. Innovation accordingly should stop to exist in the lives of youngsters, who ought to rather take in significant life exercises from playing outside, using gifts, or investing energy with the family. It is significant for a youngster to invest quality energy with their family. Guardians, grandparents, kin, or more distant family individuals assist youngsters with creating positive confidence by imparting esteems, consolation, and love. Today, children’s feeling of those connections is adjusted because of the way that they are turning out to be less and less inspired by family and rather increasingly more interested with media. The normal child ages eight to eighteen spends more than seven and a half hours daily utilizing innovation, approaching seventy-five hours every week (Negative Effects Of). With the entirety of that consideration going to innovation, kids build up lost family intrigue. A gathering of four to multi year olds said they would prefer to stare at the TV than invest quality energy with their dads (Negative Effects Of). Story time with mother is quickly being supplanted with an old scene of Spongebob, in this way making disengaged kids that don't discover the worth they ought to inside their families. Consistently a kid is staring at the TV or tinkering with an iPad is a subsequent that ought to have been spent figuring out how to ride a bicycle, painting an image, or perusing with their folks to better the bond in the family relationship. While kids are getting less inspired by their families, they are likewise increasing a misguided feeling of protection and driving themselves into a peri lous heading regarding what they uncover on the web. The young people of today don't understand that once something is posted on the web, it is there for eternity. One million youngsters were bothered, undermined, or exposed to different types of cyberbullying on Facebook during the previous year (Cyberbullying Statistics). Numerous children post humiliating photographs, statuses, or spill things on to the web that they later lament, making them become a subject of provocation by others on the web or in school. There is a solid connection among tormenting and self destruction, with menace casualties being two to multiple times bound to consider self destruction than non-casualties (Bullying and Suicide). At five, in excess of 50% of children routinely associate with a PC or tablet gadget (Clinton and Steyer). Since guardians are not checking kids or authorizing certain guidelines in the family unit, for example, thinking of limits with regards to the measure of time spent on the PC, numerous kids die hours gazing at a screen which can make them an obvious objective for the individuals who menace by means of the web. In addition to the fact that people are ignorant of potential outcomes presented by the internettelevision is another primary worry that stances dangers for little youngsters, who have naive personalities. The age of small children should be known as the â€Å"couch potato† age, as they are going through as long as six hours daily sitting in front of the TV, with their folks utilizing TV as a â€Å"electronic babysitter† (Harris). Many accept that children’s programs show glad, vivid pictures that impact the child’s mind emphatically. In any case, what goes obscure is the way that those â€Å"happy† and â€Å"colorful† programs really normal in excess of fourteen fierce acts for each houreight more than grown-up programs (TV Media’s Influence). Guardians would clearly be horrified at this number because of the way that by age eighteen, their kid will have seen around 200,000 demonstrations of viciousness, including eighteen thousand homicides (TV Media’s Influence). Rather than exposing youngsters to the TV that engraves their brains with brutality, guardians ought to rather invest quality energy teaching, playing, or perusing with them. By doing this, the appalling information on wrongdoing and viciousness won't be evident in a youthful child’s life. They will get an opportunity to stay unpolluted, their brains brimming with signific ant family esteems versus murder and bloodbath. Introduction to TV and media too soon in a child’s life prompts medical issues. By age three, 33% of kids have TVs in their rooms. This puts them in danger for postponed rest beginning, expanded caloric admission, and bad dreams from overstimulation (Stein). The over the top early presentation to electronic media corresponds with language delay, consideration issues, and shortfalls in official capacity. What numerous individuals don't understand is that placing a youngster before a screen isn't harmlessit extraordinarily influences the manner in which they change into adulthood. On those issues, youngsters who continually sit before a TV or game gadget have a danger of getting stout. Television viewing adds to this by expanding stationary conduct, instructing undesirable eating designs, expanding eating, and meddling with typical rest (Stein). Kids ought to be outside playing with others, perusing, and nodding off at typical hours without a TV in the room so as to forestall the wellbeing dangers that have tormented numerous in light of abuse of electronic media. In spite of the fact that innovation is useful fro m numerous points of view, it is adverse to youngsters when uncovered normally. Sitting a kid down before the TV, giving them a game reassure, and permitting long periods of PC time significantly influences the way that kid thinks, feels, and responds to specific circumstances. Innovation not just places a scratch in a child’s passionate state as to fierce shows and advertisements, yet it influences their wellbeing too, making them endure extraordinary difficulties, for example, bad dreams, expanded caloric admission, and consideration issue. Despite the fact that the world is turning out to be all the more innovatively propelled that doesn't mean youngsters need to also. They ought to play outside, perusing, and investing energy with the family so as to learn significant qualities that they would not gain from utilizing gadgets.

Harvard College Essays - What Do They Really Mean?

Harvard College Essays - What Do They Really Mean?Harvard College essays are not just a form of writing, they are a test of the abilities and qualities that a person possesses. Each college student has to have a good understanding of what he/she can accomplish in college and how far they can go. This is where a good essay analysis comes in handy.Harvard College essays are some of the best college essays in the country. It is no secret that the students at Harvard College take their education very seriously. They need to write well and the better their essays are, the better the grade they will receive. There are a number of advantages to a good essay.First, writing a good essay is a skill that you should be able to develop over time. It takes practice. There is nothing you can do to improve your writing skills. So, if you want to improve this aspect of your personality, read as much literature as possible on essay writing and try to practice your skills.Second, a well written Harvard College essay will be read by many people, from undergraduates to their professors. Therefore, every piece of information is important. In fact, every word you use and sentence you develop is important and should be carefully considered. That is why it is essential to develop your essay as you go along, but remember to keep it simple.Third, good essays are quite different from one college essay to another. Harvard College essays are a blend of unique and personal experiences. So, if you are writing an essay that is going to apply to someone in another class, you should choose a different topic. You also have to be careful not to deviate too far from your topic and therefore avoid getting sidetracked.Fourth, you must be careful not to plagiarize and never use the work of someone else without permission. If you write an essay and then you know someone else wrote it first, you have to take full responsibility. On the other hand, if you have a line of reasoning in a certain paragraph t hat is similar to something someone else has said, you have to write that paragraph and make sure it is not plagiarized. Do not let yourself get too lazy to check your work for plagiarism, it is not worth it. And, it could get you into some serious trouble.Fifth, a good essay will have an emphasis on the subject and make good use of relevant research and facts. To keep things simple, avoid using too many technical terms or jargon. Make sure that every single word is appropriately spelled and that no grammar or spelling mistakes are made.Finally, a good essay is the result of a lot of hard work and time. You should spend a lot of time and effort in developing an excellent essay. Keep in mind that the best essays are the ones that make you uncomfortable to write and seem like an actual story. In fact, a good essay is a combination of all these factors.

Learn to Distinguish Between Implicit and Explicit Long-Term Memory

Learn to Distinguish Between Implicit and Explicit Long-Term Memory Have you ever found yourself stumped trying to explain to a friend how to get to your place despite having lived there your whole life?Or maybe you hit a block when somebody asked you to tell them the lyrics to a song you were just singing along to? You’re probably familiar with both situations, so what’s the deal?Turns out that the way you remember how to do things just doesn’t match up to the way you remember what to doâ€"they are two wholly different ways of remembering things.As proposed in 1976 by John Anderson, professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University, long-term memory can be viewed as the sum of its two complementary halves: implicit and explicit long-term memory.Often confused for each other, implicit (knowing-how) memory and explicit (knowing-that) memory are two sides of the same coin.The methods by which we store the different types of memory differ, as do our means of accessing them: there is no way for a basketball player to study his way into being dr afted by a big-league team.Learning how to tell implicit and explicit memory apart is the essential key to learning new skills and information.FINGERPRINTING IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT MEMORYSince the proposal of this division of long-term memory into implicit and explicit memory, a lot of ink has been spilled debating their nature.Cognitive psychology has concerned itself by and large with the processes of memory storage and retrieval and how these kinds of memory interact with the rest of the human psyche.Working within the Atkinsonâ€"Shiffrin model of memory, which divides human memory into long-term and short-term memory, implicit and explicit memory are believed to lie firmly within long-term storage.While the mechanism by which memories are passed from short-term storage into long-term are generally controversial, psychologists who work with long-term memory generally agree on how these memories are stored and formed.Popularly called muscle memory or ‘knowing how, implicit memory stands for the skills, reactions, thoughts, and opinions that we know or hold without any conscious effort on our part.We acquire all of those through experience of course.When a pro league basketball player hits a trey, hes not consciously thinking about the trajectory of the ball or the angle of his feet, it’s as though he just knows how high to aim and how hard to shoot.Implicit memories can be formed consciously just as well as unconsciously, but what’s important is that they’re formed by some sort of action or sensation.In short, they’re formed by feeling or doing. Implicit memory is essentially automatic and generally relies on context and cue to function.For example: you won’t be able to break out into a tango without the riffs of a Latin guitar.Emotional responses are also an implicit memory: someone with a phobia or irrational fear of clowns has, at some point in their life, “learned” to be terrified of them. Despite consciously knowing that a clown should po se no threat, people fear them.While you obviously need a small part of your consciousness, or none at all, to quickly move your hand if you put it under a hot stream of water, it would be a whole another story if you tried to remember to tell a story to your group of friends, with intentions to mention as many details as possible.Having the verb “try” makes all the difference here.In contrary to how implicit memory works, explicit memory consists of information which you learned consciously, and from which you recall memories by involving your will power.In everyday terms, explicit memory is usually what people mean behind the statement that they “know” something.What it is telling us is that once upon a time, they have had an intention to learn a specific statement, or to retain as many details from an important event.This leads to the fact that there are different types of explicit memory, depending on what you are collecting.Recalling movie-like parts of past experiences , in a way reliving them in your head, is a process taking place in the episodic memory.With its name being more than fitting, episodic memory is the part of the brain’s storage which serves the purpose of a memoir, holding in explicitly acts that have passed.A point which might be important to point out regarding episodic memory is that it is not completely reliable.Our memory, in general, is not, but it might be the most significant here.The quite simple explanation is that the human brain can’t store every single detail which goes into an “episode”.The problem is created because humans can be unaware of this, and therefore expect from themselves to actually know every detail, when we really don’t.But, in order to fulfill such expectation, people tend to add some details that in reality never happened.The part of explicit memory which you worked on the most during your education is semantic memory.Having been considered the inhabitancy of general knowledge, its job is to keep conceptual information, such as words, their meanings, and anything that is in the form of a fact.So, the next time you cant remember the exact beginning date of WWI, this is where to direct your thoughts too.Basically, it covers anything that can be explained using language, as long as the knowledge is in the form of a fact of some kind.So it doesn’t have to be the act of remembering a sentence from word to word, by heart, since it also covers ideas that you know something about or concepts.Another interesting field which comes to semantic memory in order to be remembered is mathematics.As one may expect, mathematical equations are covered in semantic memory, because it is a kind of a subject that doesn’t change much over time.And this type of memory has also a function of allowing us to identify information and objects, but also understand the meaning of words, hence the name “semantic”.If this reference didn’t stay with you after high school, semantics is a field of linguistics, and also logic, concerned with meaning, either of words or of implications.With this being said, it can be considered that the main functions of explicit memory are the abilities to recall and to declare.Because of this, you may also come across the equally fitting term “declarative memory”, which is preferred by some cognitive psychologists.Even though it is common knowledge that cognitive functions are developed and controlled in the human brain, it was inevitable that such theory must specify which part of the organ was the main suspect, as it is a usual practice for psychologists who decide to go with the cognitive wave.FOLLOWING THE TRACKS OF NEURAL IMPULSESWhen entering the world of psychology, whether you just type it in your browser, or you prefer having a paper-back pocket manual.Even taking a walk to the library, the physiology of the human nervous system is what you’re going be introduced by.The development of psychology as an independent science sta rted with testing sensory reactions, then paved its way up through conditioned reflexes.Then psychology found one of its main domains on the surface and in depths of the human brain.Truth be told, all of the above-stated phenomena does revolve around the brain, but it took psychology some time to go from the basics and externally visible stuff into the core itself because it isn’t easily accessible in a psychological matter.Having an invasive surgical process, even if it gave access, wouldn’t do much about examining mentalist constructs.Generally, it is needed to find a lot of latent indicators of such constructs through which we can make a conclusion about something that is an impactful factor to one’s behavior or memory.After going through numerous examinations, and surely after getting statistics and physiology involved more in researches considering human mind, psychology and the core brain processes found their similarities and shared interests.The bond has never been bro ken ever since, neither does it seem like it will be in the near, and even far, future.Its name may give out the obvious, but later on, the branch of psychology which ended up making most significant relations with physiology, was cognitive psychology. It didn’t even need as much of invasive experiments as one might expect.As expected, the bond between neuroscience and cognitive psychology has been proven to come out with numerous researches, experiments, and theories. The field of memory is not very different.In an overall broad paper called “The Neuroanatomical, Neurophysiological and Psychological Basis of Memory: Current Models and Their Origins” by Eduardo Camina and Francisco Guell (Universidad de Navarra), alongside a lot of other memory models, neural correlates of long-term memory, and naturally implicit and explicit memory, have been broken down.To begin with, it is very important to have in mind that different parts of the nervous system are usually meant to control different parts of your body or to conduct different psychological processes.For example, the spinal cord controls simple reflexes, but centers in your frontal cortex are believed to control your speech amongst other things.This non-chaotic pattern actually serves a good purpose in understanding the way functions of the central nervous system are shared between its different parts.The spinal cord, which physically is placed the lowest in your body, compared to other parts of the nervous system, together with all the nerves that have their roots coming from it.Accordingly, it controls reflexes, which are the most basic actions out of the whole system.Then, in the middle part of the nervous system, which begins somewhere in the high point of your neck, or low point of the backside of your head, has the function to regulate processes which you have no consciousness of, but are a bit more complex, such as breathing and heartbeat.And lastly, the part which takes place from somewhere aro und your ears all up straight to the front part of your head has a major role in everything related to human psyche which makes humans “homo sapiens”.So: speech, behavior, thinking, decision making and, of course, memory are basically contained in your neocortex or the prefrontal lobe (the part of your brain where your forehead is)But, this doesn’t mean that every part of your brain is a player of its own.The most important characteristic considering the human body as a whole is the fact that those systems, even though they have their own prescribed jobs, have to work together and communicate, in order to keep us alive.This is, of course, to be seen when researching every other psychological phenomena (ergo the common use of correlations when dealing with science and statistical side of research).Of course, the millions of synapses in the brain are used for its different parts to communicate.As implicit memory serves a huge purpose in remembering action patterns, scientists ar e led to believe that as you learn more actions, the connections between such centers grow stronger.The main participators turn out to be the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, and the limbic system. And heres why.Basal ganglia are the part of the brain which is essential for communication, due to their placing.They are surrounded by different brain structures, and they all in a way depend on basal ganglia to spread information.And that is important because implicit memory, like the whole organism itself, works as an everlasting cycle of information.The cerebellum is crucial to executing movements, and that function is easily proven. Apparently, by damaging this area people are stopped from relearning skills.Therefore, a lot of recent studies have shown this part of the brain to be very important in the automating unconscious skills, which are exactly what implicit memory stores.Finally, the limbic system found its role in controlling automatic movements.It contains a kind of protein th at turned up visible on neurological tests conducted on subjects while they were set to proceed with such movements.When speaking in terms of different centers in the nervous system, what is important to know is that they are anything but chaotically shattered in their placing.As mentioned, the frontal cortex is known to control functions like speech. Or your attention span. Actually, your behavior in general.That takes to the conclusion that the frontal cortex is in charge of the consciousness. Even more, it is what makes humans, humans.As it is to be seen in the photos, neither of the three previously mentioned brain structures are quite near the frontal lobe.That’s exactly why they don’t have a crucial impact on your consciousness, but everything to do with implicit memory and unconsciously learned and conducted movements.It is pretty clear that explicit memory storage takes a lot of more work, from creating such memory to start with, then to keep it for years, just in case i t one day you mind end up needing it.Just like you really might want to check that WWI beginning date, because you never know when you might start fancying a history enthusiast.Such information people tend to express in a language form, so, of course, you now remembered that you should take a look in the semantic department of your long term memory.Specifically parietal and temporal lobes are proven to be the most active during the process of remembering such information.Of course, this was proven in an interesting experiment where subjects tended to pair pears and pineapples, instead of pears and light bulbs, even though the latter is more similar in shape.These lobes proved to be essential when it comes to abstract and conceptual knowledge, and therefore semantic memory.When recognizing that the WWI start date was mentioned for the second time around, you probably remembered the first paragraph in which you read it, and it possibly manifested as a small flashback.Now you know that the word “episode” reminded you of earlier mentioned episodic memory, thanks to your semantic memory and abstract, language-based thinking.But, you ask, where exactly is this endless episode TV show of your past taking place?To understand this, it is best to truly look at those memories as if they were a multimedia construct. So, what is a TV show consisted of? Think in terms of your senses.Firstly, there is obviously the visual part.This characteristic is handled by centers in a part of the ventral temporal cortex because that is exactly where the nerves from the eyes come to an end.Before you keep a memory, you must perceive something which that memory will be made of.Secondly, since the ages of silent films are long gone, to have a true movie-like quality you must have sound together with the picture.The storage area for such stimuli is placed in the ventral lateral cortex. It is an area near the ears, and thats exactly where all the auditory memory comes to stay.And finally , the one to manage and organize the way you remember experiences in such a way is the hippocampus. How was that proven?Well, yet once again lab rats were sacrificed in the name of science, and it turns out that they werent able to organize what they felt as a whole, let alone have a memory of it.Even though not everyone is a biology enthusiast, this kind of rundown serves the purpose of making psychological processes closer to you.Now, it’s not just something hypothetical just floating around in the air, if you tried really hard and went to finish needed degrees, you could even touch it.Besides putting such concepts into a concrete shape and environment, people tend to understand the world better when information is put in complete wholes.That is what Gestalt psychology, one of the predecessors of modern cognitive psychology, proposed as their main thesis.WHAT PICTURE DOES THIS PIECE OF THE PUZZLE FIT?At this point, you know that long-term memory serves the purpose of a keeper fo r everything that had happened throughout your life, and has managed to stay with you.The way the human brain is built, also makes it a diverse cognitive function, it has a few different parts that serve some quite different purposes.Long-term memory is only the last destination every experience tends to end up at, and it is only one final part of the whole remembering process.Imagine as if long-term memory is the job you educated yourself for, for years, and there were quite a few places and finish a long list of projects to be done.Of course, there was a lot of information you heard along the way, which you do not remember now, but in a way, forgetting it also helped you to come where you might are, your final destination.To start with, as said earlier, before something becomes a memory, it must be experienced.The way people feel is broken down to simple stimuli, that is received by your sensorial organs. Therefore, the simplest form of memory is sensory memory.Sensory memory has a short span â€" it retains information for only 1/5 to ½ of a second. Depending on which sense is activated by certain stimuli, there are different types of sensory memory.The reason why this memory is so short-timed is that if we did remember every single stimulus from the outer world, we would be overwhelmed and dysfunctional.When all sensorial experiences go through the filter of attention, which makes the difference between important and unimportant information from around us, they arrive at short-term memory.Short-term memory, also called work-memory, is where information is being processed. There, it can stay for about 10 to 15 seconds, or up to a minute.Its main function is to choose between which information is going to be sent to long-term memory, and which is going to end up being forgotten. Attention span characteristic here denote holding 7 ± 2 information at a time.Finally, when after all the filtering an experience ends up being remembered, the beginning date of WWI able to be recalled and the ability to ride a bike becomes something you can rarely fail to do, your experiences have reached the second to last step in the process of remembering.LAST STEP TO REMEMBERINGWhile the actual expiration date of a memory which made it to the long-term storage is still unknown to psychology, or rather, is still something no one can agree on, we all know that forgetting exists.We are aware that once there was something we knew and now we do simply not.Equally to the lasting of long-term memory, there still hasnt been a theory about forgetting which everyone can agree on.They differ from it being a spontaneous process to making it an active process based on interfering, to believing that it doesnt exist and that we have it all stored somewhere only waiting to be used.When considering this subject, it is wise to remember that the existence of the debate is actually a good place for science to be.It can inspire, and when it is done inspiring it can result in a new conclusion which no one ever expected, and it could end up changing and improving everything.It should also be considered about that matter how psychology as a whole, and even more the differential branches of it, are such a new, young science that it is kind of impossible to expect to have formed explanations. And for them to be as valid as people think those in physics are.To add, this might be good to remember in general. How nothing that you look at as a dogmatic subject can push you towards improvement.Like you can never improve your ability to learn and remember if you are always absolutely sure that your memory is unflawed.But, why do we forget is maybe not something we should worry about, given how little is known about it.Rather than that, the huge base of research and neurological proof of the way we remember should be used to improve our everyday life.Even if you don’t know where your hippocampus is, you know that the mixture of visuals and audios is something tha t makes your experiences held still in your memory. You also know how abstract connecting proved to be more intuitive to humans than concrete, iconic thinking. Most importantly, memory and the human psyche, in general, continues to be the proof of how the harmonic functioning of many different structures tends to give the best results.Next time you have a hard time remembering a very important fact, associate it with your experience.Just because types of memories are physiologically separated, it doesn’t mean they should be worked within that same separated way. Actually, it might be exactly why they in any way shouldnt.

The Highest Ranked Small Business Accounting Software 2019

The best small business accounting software is going to be the package that is easiest for the small businessman to understand and use. That is a subjective decision and not one that a third party can determine for any individual. The best small business accounting software is going to be the product with the most features to one businessman, and the one with the simplest user interface will be best for the next guy. The top two products in 2017, according to the magazine PC World, were Quickbooks and Simply Accounting. Simply Accounting is deemed easier to use, while Quickbooks has a load of tutorials that come with its software. They also have three versions of the product, ranging from basic to deluxe. Prices for the Simply Accounting range from $50 to $500; Quickbooks is priced from $200 to $500. These two accounting software programs are not the only ones on the market that have a basic model with a couple of fancier iterations at higher prices. The shopping decision is going to be based, to some degree, on what features you need, which features you would like to have and which are overkill. .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5:active, .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Making a Difference with Payroll AccountingSeveral online reviews of small business accounting products show the same names popping up over and over. Quickbooks and Simply Accounting are two of them. MYOB Business Essentials is a title that appears often and is available in both Mac and PC version: it is described as a double entry system. Peachtree is also a product line that usually appears near the top of the charts. Microsoft has a couple of products that are included in the small business accounting software category: their Small Business Manager line and at the low end, under $100, Microsoft Money. About.com is a website that is designed to provide consumer recommendations on products. There are many categories aimed at business software: for each they provide a top ten list. There are also articles there on how to go about choosing a small business accounting software program. The site makes it clear that its reviews have no relation to its sponsored links. Their top ten choices for small business accounting software are .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba:active, .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Your Financial Future with a Finance degree: Peachtree Complete MYOB Business Essentials Pro Quickbooks Pro NetSuite Small Business Accounting Cougar Mountain Microsoft Small Business Manager Simply Accounting Pro CYMA IV Accounting DacEasy Microsoft Money 2017 This is one set of recommendations. ZDnet, another big tech website that rates all sort of products, produced a list of small business accounting software that basically contained the same major names and ignored the lesser known lines such as Cougar Mountain and DacEasy. The two major players in accounting software for small business are Microsoft and Intuit, which produces Quickbook and other Quicken products. There are reasons to shop the major product lines. One of them is that most will link seamlessly to Word and Excel, two programs that every small business uses for multiple purposes. But understand that each has an assortment of business accounting packages. You need to study the features of each one in depth, and determine which one has the features that are right for your business. .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0:active, .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Financial Planning a Worthwhile CareerRelated ArticlesSmall Business Management and Accounting SoftwareUniversity of Phoenix Nursing School How to Combine the Best of Online and Campus-based LearningPerls Value Among Programming LanguagesOklahoma Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Oklahoma, the Sooner StateVirginia Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Virginia, the Old Dominion StateWhat Are Free Accounting Software Programs

The Definitive Handbook to Essays Written by College Students

The Definitive Handbook to Essays Written by College Students Getting the Best Essays Written by College Students Custom writing means a significant company with high standards. Homework is a rather useful facet of the educational experience. Also, you need to focus on the keyword that's mentioned within the task related assignment. As an alternative to selecting a conventional major, students select a place of concentration where they're guided by means of a set of advisors. Clarity it is what students want to increase their writing. Believes that all students deserve a chance to attend college without discrimination of any sort. Some students face many problems by doing writing assignments, and it's important to learn how you're able to write it correctly. Your primary task in case you do not need to devote years writing unnecessary papers is to come across a service it's possible to purchase college essays from. By deciding to purchase college essays with our service you pick the ideal way of. At our very best college essay writing service you're welcome to get assistance with college. There s little doubt about written college. Don't be scared to engage your reader in the very same questions you're asking yourself about life and your journey to date. Keep studying the question as you progress to make certain you aren't deflecting. You need to reveal your reader HOW YOU THINK by inviting them into your precise thought procedure. It would be quite challenging to write this kind of answer in a literary way. Essay writing has at all times been part of academic life. The very first thing you ought to do is make your revision program. If a question has more than 1 part that should be answered, answer each part in a different li ne. Therefore, it's not advised to wait until the last day for you to commence working on your essay. The Fundamentals of Essays Written by College Students Revealed If you're looking for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. These resources can supply you with strategies to assist you with your essay and assignment writing. The experts have lots of the greatest prices in store for you. Now there's a list of resources. Presentation You may have all the essential information required in the essay but if you don't present it correctly, you might not scoop all the marks that you deserved. There are dozens and dozens of reasons to utilize Rush Essay custom paper writing. Our website are well-liked today since they have essays which are always in this issue and well informed. T. Introduction his booklet was designed to assist you to compose a laboratory report in the. An elongated essay on applied chemistry is dependent upon the chemical content. Draft the procedure part of your report, which outlines the steps that you've taken to. In the event the students are confronting any issue with the grammar rules, then they need to get a grammar guide or try some part-time on-line grammar classes. Both of these examples below. Homework, it's beyond my ability. Structure of an essay An effective college essay needs to have a very clear structure of the entire content. It is one of the most popular. Writing an outstanding college essay is the most significant thing you are able to. You have to understand what the essay is for and understand what your professor want to become from you. You won't regret that you get essays online! Expository essays aren't written in first individual. Learn what makes a superior scholarship essay. Doing research will enhance the standard of your essay. The research paper outline is important for practically any report or term paper. You don't need to turn in a paper which has been turned in by other individuals. It is extremely easy to wind up with a rather messy paper if you aren't careful concerning the structure of your paper.

Explain the Impact of Technology on the Environment Free Essays

Technology is such a broad term, for technology is not only what first comes to mind like cell phones and computers. Technology is also the crafting of materials, pencils, pens, even your toothbrush is considered a form of technology. All of these objects that most of us use on a day to day basis has altered are lifestyles compared how the world was several hundred years ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain the Impact of Technology on the Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sadly, the majority of technology has a reverse affect, more so on the environment. To start with, there is some technology that could potentially be a part of global warming. There are parts that make up objects that could cause the after affect to take a negative effect. For instance, technology dates as far back as the Stone Age, when man discovered how to make fire, believed be approximately 1. 4 million years ago. In fact, no one could have thought back then that fire, including its wood burning technology could create an impact on today’s natural environment through its greenhouse gas emissions. Cavemen created some of the first technology, such as fire axes and spears. As time went on technology advanced and even though they seem to make life easier for us after affects take a turn for the worse on the environment. Another fact to consider, is todays mode of transportation. For example In Sidan over 2,000 new cars are on the road each day, the more cars there are the more gases there are being released into the atmosphere. This harms society through the chain affect involving the environment. It starts with just normal global warming, then the people of the world are not recycling and not conserving there electricity. All of these bad habits, are worsening life as we know it. Sadly not all of this can be controlled for there are some natural causes. But overall a big cause of the environments unwell state is the gases let off by cars going into the atmosphere. One last thought to consider, would be ships going back and forth carrying cargo and spilling oils into the ocean. Because of these spills and leakages, coral reefs are being destroyed. Marine wild life is being endangered since their habitats are being destroyed. Ships are a form of technology, very helpful actually. Especially when it comes to transferring objects too large to go by plane. Are actually taking a part in the environments misfortunes. There are too many endangered or extinct animals already from this tragedy, society must do all in our power to prevent this from happening any further. Therefore, ships is a form of technology that is harmful to our environment. In conclusion, there are multiple different ways technology has an impact on the environment. Whether it be by fossil fuels from fires or oils from cargo ships, it is taking a negative effect on the environment. Worldwide problems, more commonly known as global warming, are being started and worsened by technology. How to cite Explain the Impact of Technology on the Environment, Essays

Soft Systems Methodology

One of the 21st century’s foremost discursive aspects is the fact that, as time goes on, more and more people realize the essentially relativist significance of the very notion of methodology.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Soft Systems Methodology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because, due to the recent breakthroughs in the fields of physics, psychology, cybernetics and sociology, the assumption that the practical application of a particular methodology is being concerned with discovering the de facto ‘truth’ can no longer be considered conceptually legitimate. After all, these discoveries suggest that in this world, there is only the objectively existing reality and different informational models that describe the qualitative/discursive connotations of its observable emanations. However, given the fact that the process of constructing methodologically sound informational models ( theories) is being inevitably affected by biologically and environmentally defined cognitive predispositions, on the part of the concerned scientists, it is specifically the extent of these models’ practical usability, which should be regarded as the actual measure of their ‘truthfulness’. Therefore, it is fully explainable why Peter Checkland’s Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) continues to become ever more popular, as a practical tool of addressing systemic issues with a strongly defined human factor to them – SSM appears thoroughly adjusted with the provisions of the earlier mentioned methodology-related discourse of modernity. In my paper, I will aim to explore the validity of this suggestion at length. The main theoretical premise, upon which SSM is based, is the assumption that, unlike what it happened to be the case with non-human mechanistic systems, the dynamics within human systems (e.g. the collective of employees) are not being solely defin ed in regards to the qualitative specifications of these systems’ integral elements, but also in regards to the varying aspects of an ‘interconnectedness’ between the elements in question. In their turn, the discursive features of this ‘interconnectedness’ never cease undergoing a spatial/qualitative transformation, as they reflect the process of people’s worldviews being continually adjusted, in accordance to what happened to be their carriers’ inborn cognitive predispositions and the situational quality of external circumstances, which affect the concerned individuals’ decision-making inclinations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, the SSM’s foremost conceptual postulate – those in charge of ensuring the functional integrity of a particular human system/organization, should not be concerned with findi ng a universally applicable ‘solution’ to what they perceive constitutes a performance-impending problem, but rather with identifying the problem’s discursive connotations. As Checkland noted, â€Å"We had moved away from working with the idea of an ‘obvious’ problem which required solution, to that of working with the idea of a situation which some people, for various reasons, may regard as problematical† (2000, p. 15) . In its turn, this is supposed to establish objective preconditions for the extent of the affected people’s perceptual subjectivity, in regards to the problem in question, to be substantially reduced – hence, ‘empowering’ them, in the organizational sense of this word. The SSM’s foremost methodological guiding-principles can be formulated as follows: Assess the discursive significance of a particular ‘real-world’ situation by the mean of measuring the complexity of its integral p arts. Explore the identified relations via the applicable models of purposeful activity, based on explicit worldviews. Conduct an inquiry by questioning the perceived situation, while using the models as a source of questions. Formulate an approach towards improving the situation in question by identifying the scope of possible ‘accommodations’ (versions of the situation, with which the concerned stakeholders can be more or less comfortable). Even a brief glance at these principles, allows us to pinpoint the main conceptual characteristic of SSM – as opposed to what it is being the case with the methodologies of ‘hard’ sciences, Checkland’s methodology implies its theoretical premises being the subject of a continual transformation/alteration. This is because, while assessing the significance of ‘real-world’ situations, we invariably do it from our highly subjective existential perspectives, reflective of the essence of the relev ant external circumstances, which affect the mechanics of our cognitive engagement with the surrounding reality. Therefore, even though that the very name of Checkland’s methodological approach connotes the notion of ‘systemness’ , within the SSM’s theoretical framework, this notion is not being concerned with the process of researches categorizing the essence of people’s responses to external stimuli.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Soft Systems Methodology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rather, it is being concerned with the process of SSM’s practitioners identifying primary and secondary motivations behind the studied behavioral patterns, as ‘things in themselves’. According to Ledington and Donaldson, â€Å"(In SSM) The use of the word ‘system’ is no longer applied to the world, it is instead applied to the process of our dealing with the world† (1997, p. 230). The consequential steps of how SSM’s practitioners go about increasing the efficiency of a particular ‘soft’ system’s functioning can be outlined as follows: Practitioner formulates the planned transformation-action’s justification, its aims, and identifies the scope of associated activities. Practitioner selects the activities that can be executed independently of others. Practitioner selects the activities, the successful execution of which depends on the efficacious implementation of the independent ones, and analyzes the qualitative essence of emerging dependencies. Practitioner reduces the number of established dependencies by removing the overlapping ones – hence, outlining the most resource-efficient method towards the tranformation’s implementation. Hence, the essential components of SSM’s paradigm, commonly abbreviated as CATWOE: Customers – individuals that may be potentially affec ted by the intended transformation, Actors – individuals in charge of the transformation’s implementation, Transformation – the efficiency-facilitating process, ‘Weltanschauung’ – the qualitative aspects of the concerned parties’ worldviews, Owners – individuals capable of preventing the desired transformation from taking place, Environmental constraints – external circumstances, capable of affecting the pace of the transformation’s implementation (Hardman and Paucar-Caceres 2011). By remaining thoroughly observant, as to the discursive implications of an interconnectedness between these elements, SSM’s practitioners are expected to be able to come up with a circumstantially justified plan for applying changes to the functioning of just about any ‘soft’ system. The validity of SSM’s conceptual provisions can be easily illustrated in regards to what account for the specifics of a post-indu strial living in Western countries, which in turn cause more and more middle-level managers to experience difficulties, while on the line of executing their professional duties. For example, even today it represents a commonplace practice among many of these managers to believe that the extent of employees’ efficiency positively correlates with the amount of money they are being paid. However, it now became a well-established fact that the practice of increasing employees’ salaries does not necessarily result in increasing the quality of their professional performance.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reason for this is apparent – as time goes on, people’s attitudes towards the very notion of ‘professional satisfaction’ continue to attain qualitatively new subtleties. Whereas, the prospect of receiving an adequate salary may serve as a perfectly sound performance-stimulating incentive for individuals that suffer from economic hardships, this cannot be the case, once those that enjoy comparatively high standards of living are being concerned. This is because, in full accordance with Maslow’s ‘theory of needs’, after having satisfied their ‘first order’ existential desires (e.g. securing well-paid jobs and buying houses/apartments), people move on to seek the satisfaction of their ‘second order’ and ‘third order’ desires, such as attaining self-actualization, for example (Sadri Bowen 2011). Therefore, there can be no much sense in expecting financially well-off employees to continue aspiring to be qualified for increased salaries, as their foremost priority in life, which would provide managers with a rationale to persist with referring to employees, as individuals thoroughly preoccupied with making money. This, of course, creates discursive prerequisites for specifically SSM to be used; within the context of how contemporary managers strive to improve the quality of employees’ performance, as the utilization of this methodology is well capable of identifying the ‘weltanschauung’-related aspects of many employees’ existential agenda, undetectable by ‘hard’ systemic methodologies. The SSM’s very theoretical premise establishes objective preconditions for this to be the case, â€Å"In contrast to ‘hard’ approaches†¦ SSM concentrates on learning from organizational and contextual ambiguity and appreciating socially conditioned problem situations with a view to changing relationships and making improvementsâ €  (Jacobs 2004, p. 140). The fact that, as of today, a number of currently deployed performance-enhancing strategies are being concerned with providing employees with essentially psychological incentives (such as allowing them to participate in the decision-making process), as the foremost mean of ensuring the integrity of their professional commitment, substantiates the validity of this statement. Checkland’s SSM can also be successfully resorted to, when the issue of increasing the hospitalized patients’ recovery-chances is being at stake. After all, it does not represent much of a secret that the majority of healthcare professionals in Western countries continues to assess the extent of their professional adequacy in regards to the measure of their willingness to adhere to the provisions of specifically Western (orthodox) medical paradigm, which stipulates the rationale-based ‘measurableness’ of physicians’ performance. This is the reason why many orthodox physicians do not even look forward to meet with their patients personally, in order to be able to diagnose them and to prescribe them with a particular drug. All the diagnosis-seeking individuals have to do, is to show up at the hospital, to provide the required blood and urine samples, and to come back to this hospital in a few days of time, in order to get their drug-prescription. The fact that the drug-prescription will be provided to these individuals needs not to be doubted. This is because, as of today, the health workers’ career-prospects are still being assessed in regards to the strength of their enthusiasm in prescribing patients with as many conventional drugs, as possible (Reast, Palihawadana Dayananda 2008). However, this mechanistic approach to treating patients can hardly be considered appropriate, because it does not take into account the patients’ (often irrational) expectations, as to how they should be treated. This especially appear s to be the case when the ethnically visible individuals are being concerned. After all, as opposed to what it is being the case with Western (White) patients, who expect to be ‘cured’ by the mean of swallowing the prescribed drugs, many representatives of racial minorities in Western hospitals expect to be ‘healed’, in the holistic sense of this word – hence, their often clearly defined reluctance to be injected with drugs. This, of course, does suggest that it is being only the matter of time, before SSM will be widely used in the field of a healthcare, as well. After all, it now becomes increasingly clear to more and more people that it is no longer acceptable to evaluate the varying extent of patients’ well-being solely through the spiritually arrogant lenses of Western euro-centrism. Finally, SSM appears thoroughly adjusted to serve as a tool for increasing the effectiveness of advertising/marketing campaigns, because it insists that it i s specifically the non-quantifiable aspects of consumers’ ‘mental wiring’, which define these people’s buying choices. The validity of this suggestion can be well observed in regards to what accounts for the main difference between Western advertisement posters, on the one hand, and Oriental (Asian) ones, on the other. Whereas, Western advertisement posters tend to place the advertised object at the center, Oriental posters most common place the advertised object in the corner. Western Oriental This is because, as Bower observed it, â€Å"(Asians) make little use of categories and formal logic and instead focus on relations among objects and the context in which they interact†¦ (Westerners) on the other hand, adopt an ‘analytic’ perspective. They look for the traits of objects while largely ignoring their context† (2000, p. 57). If we were to address the issue of increasing the commercial appeal of an advertising campaign/poster (designed to target multicultural audiences), in accordance with the provisions of conventional systemic methodologies, the fact that the people’s perception of the surrounding reality and their place in it reflects the particulars of their ethno-cultural/racial affiliation, would not be acknowledged. This, of course, would prevent us from considering the factor of people’s perceptual ‘otherness’, within the context of how we would go about tackling the task. As a result, the final product’s (advertisement campaign/poster) effectiveness would suffer a great deal of emotive shortcomings. This, however, would not be the case if, while elaborating on the expected properties of the proposed poster/campaign’s commercial appeal, we would remain fully observant of the SSM’s conceptual provisions. Nowadays, Checkland’s SSM continues to be criticized on the ground of its presumed lack of a scientific legitimacy. After all, it often does prove rather impossible for the SSM’s practitioners that conduct an inquiry into the discursive essence of a particular ‘soft’ systemic phenomenon in question, to ensure the predictability of the expected outcomes. At the same time, however, there are a number of good reasons to think of SSM, as such that provides us with the glimpse into what would be the nature of ‘things to come’ in the field of a sociological/managerial research. This is because, despite the earlier mentioned SSM’s downside, the model does insist that it is specifically the methodology (reflective of the specifics of the concerned researchers’ unconsciously constructed worldviews), which defines the actual method and not vice versa. It is turn, this presupposition appears thoroughly correlative with what contemporary psychologists and neurologists know about the functioning of a human brain. This is exactly the reason why, as time goes on, we will be witnessing more and more instances of SSM being put into a practical use. I believe that this conclusion adheres to the initially proposed thesis perfectly well. Works Cited Bower, B 2000, ‘Cultures of reason’, Science News, vol. 157 no. 4, pp. 56-58. Checkland, P 2000, ‘Soft systems methodology: a thirty year retrospective’, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, vol. 17 no. 3, pp.11-58. Hardman, J Paucar-Caceres, A 2011, ‘A soft systems methodology (SSM) based framework for evaluating managed learning environments’, Systemic Practice Action Research, vol. 24 no. 2, pp. 165-185. Jacobs, B 2004, ‘Using soft systems methodology for performance improvement and organizational change in the English National Health Service’, Journal of Contingencies Crisis Management, vol. 12 no. 4, pp. 138-149. Ledington, P Donaldson, J 1997, ‘Soft OR and management practice: a study of the adoption and use of soft systems methodology’, The Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 48 no. 3, pp. 229-240. McKinney, R 2009, ‘The neuroscience of certainty’, Philosophy Today. vol. 53 no. 4, pp. 414-421. Reast, J, Palihawadana, D Shabbir, H 2008, ‘The ethical aspects of direct to consumer advertising of prescription drugs in the United Kingdom: physician versus consumer’, Journal of Advertising Research, vol. 48 no. 3, pp. 450-464. Sadri, G Bowen, R 2001, ‘Meeting employee requirements: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is still a reliable guide to motivating staff’, Industrial Engineer, vol. 43 no. 10, pp. 44-48. This essay on Soft Systems Methodology was written and submitted by user Joslyn Carver to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Labor History essays

Labor History essays The 1st Industrial Revolution occurred during the mid 1800s. It was defined as the era of Industrial Capitalism. Economic life, in this period, began with very few wage-earning employment opportunities and had the majority of families involved in subsistence farm work. Along side these means for survival, existed few, independently owned craft shops, run by skilled, white artisans, journeymen and their apprentices. During this era, life went on to include large manufactories owned by capital seeking employers. Job opportunities were then created for many women and unskilled workers seeking wage-earning positions. However, with this economic development came the conflict between proud craft workers and capitalistic factory owners. Groups of skilled artisans protested by banding together to keep their heritage alive and strong, thus, the Craft Union was born. The expansion of a unionized society developed along side the growth of manufactories, and was known as Industrial unio nization. As the industrial world grew, over the next 50 years, so too did the attitude of capitalistic employers. By the 1920s, employers and factory owners had the idea to better control production and monitor work, based on the theory of Scientific Management. This attempt for greater control over production became known as the 2nd Industrial Revolution. The industry growth had formed large groups of workers who united to create some powerful industrial unions, used to protect themselves from these new managers. Movements such as the nine hour work days, other legislations and Government intervention occurred to shape the working environment. The expansions, during this century and a half, that helped develop and shape the two Industrial Revolutions, set the pace and molded the labor force that now exists today. In the early 1800s, life in Canada consisted of few wage-earning jobs, with the majority of ...

Laurels and What One Does With Them

Laurels and What One Does With Them Laurels and What One Does With Them Laurels and What One Does With Them By Maeve Maddox I heard a newscastersports I thinksay that someone was waiting on the laurels of someone. Sometimes I feel like an ancient Roman watching Latin turn into French. What did the newscaster mean? He had a vague recollection of having heard something about laurels and an -ing verb. The expression he was reaching for is resting on ones laurels. To rest upon ones laurels is to expend less effort, to give up striving for new victories, to rely on past success to cover up current failures. In classical times, winners of athletic contests and poetry slams were crowned with laurel wreaths because the laurel wreath was an attribute of the god Apollo, deity of music, poetry, and the arts. NOTE: art didnt mean the same to the ancients as it does in modern usage. For the Greeks, athletics belonged to the category of art. To the major arts, according to Cicero, belonged political and military arts; to the second class belonged purely intellectual arts, i.e., sciences, but also poetry and eloquence; to the third class belonged painting, sculpture, music, acting, athletics. Dictionary of the History of Ideas From this custom of crowning the best poets with a laurel wreath comes the term poet laureate, an official versifier appointed by a government to write poems for special occasions. Roman custom extended the use of the laurel wreath to crown victorious generals. During the Roman Republic, the second highest military honor was the Civic Crown, a wreath made of oak leaves. It was awarded to a Roman who had saved the life of fellow citizens by slaying an enemy on a spot not further held by the enemy that same day. Wikipedia The highest military honor was the Grass Crown, awarded to a general who broke a blockade around a threatened legion or army, saving it from annihilation. This one wasnt awarded too often. The association of oak leaves with military achievement survives to modern times. Certain miltary decorations make use of oakleaf clusters. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?35 Genres and Other Varieties of FictionHow to Write a Proposal

Sustainable Development in Iran Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sustainable Development in Iran - Essay Example Renewable energy (RE) and related technologies are popularly viewed as solutions to the growing issues of pollution, global warming and climate change. The development of new technologies in this domain is thus viewed across the world as a way to diversify the range of energy sources available and secure the growing needs in the coming decades. RE is also a key driver for sustainable development and to reduce our dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels (Magoha, 2009). Despite the importance of developing RE technologies and encouraging their use through sustainable strategies, various technological and economic constraints have impeded its development in the Islamic republic of Iran. Given that the country is home to over a tenth of the world’s crude oil reserves and a fifth of the global natural gas reserves, the Iranian government has been quite negligent towards promoting alternate sources of energy (Kelly, 2009). Apart from government assistance in RE, the nation has been affected by decades of international economic sanctions, which has restricted access to some of the most efficient technologies in the RE domain. Thus, the technological infrastructure used for exploiting the fossil fuels within the nation remains inefficient and there is a need to devise ways to address these issues through favorable energy policies, technological research and efficient management. Other issues such as stagnation of social development and poverty are also preventing the government from giving any long-term thought to RE (Kelly, 2009). Iran is one of the largest emitters of carbon dioxide which has nearly doubled since 1990 to over 400 MMT in 2009. Kelly (2009) identifies numerous factors including low efficiency and utilization rates of energy among various industrial sectors, rising wealth and an increase in the consumption of fossil fuels as primary contributors to this alarming trend, which is also aided by the relatively cheap energy prices. Magoba (2009) further adds to these concerns by stating that the major polluters in this context are the country’s biggest cities. Migration of the rural population to bigger cities in search of employment and livelihood has led to rapid urbanization resulting in a surge in the number of vehicles, consumption of fuels, inefficient public transportation networks and the use of old vehicles that are incapable of burning the fuel efficiently. Studies by Chaturvedi (2008) have established that Iran is currently underdeveloped in harnessing energy from wind turbines. In fact, the country has a huge potential of up to 15000 Megawatts of electricity generation by tapping vast amounts of energy from wind. Given the fact large parts of Iran are categorized as windy regions, harnessing energy from this medium is not only an elaborate possibility, but can also prove financially profitable in the long run. The region also enjoys a long period of sunshine on an annual basis. The average annual exposure to sunshine in Iran has been estimated at about 3000 hours per year (Chaturvedi, 2008). However, most solar energy projects are currently in a research phase and are yet to be commercialized. Thus, there is a need for the government to hasten the process of development and research in these areas. Iran primarily lacks any sound policy frameworks that can aid in the sustainable development of renewable energy technologies. Policies are required not just to support any research initiatives in this area, but are also necessary to facilitate a successful and wid espread adoption of RE sources across the country. Any few directives that have been framed in this context have not been helpful in guiding stakeholders towards implementing RE in specific areas. Thus, Iran currently lacks a consistent approach in implementing any longstanding RE framework. Currently, a mere 9% of Iran’s energy needs are met by RE sources primarily due to lack of policies and supporting infrastructure (Magoha, 2009). Companies that operate in the RE sector in Iran are facing

What can we learn about the enduring nature of war from Scipio Essay

What can we learn about the enduring nature of war from Scipio Africanus - Essay Example This essay examines the principles of one of the most famous Roman artists of war Scipio Africanus, whose tactics and strategy were so brilliant that they are studied by modern students and used in modern offensive actions. Scipio Africanus gives us a few lessons on the endure nature of war. Scipio uses himself as an example to demonstrate that soldiers must trust their leader and must believe that he has a definite plan and a definite aim. â€Å"Scipio similarly made the men under his command more sanguine and more ready to face perilous enterprises by instilling into them the belief that his projects were divinely inspired.†1 Scipio’s authority was so high that his men thought he was led by some higher power to which he was accountable and responsible. Today in modern military the same ideas should be implemented through the seven Army Values, which are aimed at strengthening the morality. Several times throughout his book Liddell Hart mentions the role of Scipio†™s high morality and strong willpower in his successes. Let’s turn to contemporary military manual to see what it says about the necessity to develop morality both in leaders and in soldiers: â€Å"The army values firmly bind all Army members into a fellowship dedicated to serve the Nation and the Army.†2 It is very important to have proper moral spirit. All the sources evidence that Scipio was a person of a very high moral qualities deeply respecting both his soldiers and other people. George C. Marshall, General of Army, once said: â€Å"you have to lead men in war by bringing them along to endure and display qualities of fortitude that are beyond the average man’s thought of what he should be expected to do. You have to inspire them when they are hungry and exhausted and desperately uncomfortable and in great danger. Only a man of positive characteristics of leadership with the physical stamina that goes with it can function under those conditions.†3 Another Scipio’s postulate is that the leader must be confident. â€Å"The secret of his sway, extraordinary in one so young, over the crowd mind, especially in times of crisis, was his profound self confidence which radiated an influence to which the stories of his divine inspiration were but auxiliary. Self-confidence is a term often used in a derogatory sense, but Scipio’s was not only justified by results but essentially different, a spiritual exaltation which is epitomized by Aulus Gellius as â€Å"conscientious sui subnixus† –â€Å"lifted high on his consciousness of himself.†4 It is quite natural and necessary for a leader to feel confidence as none of the soldiers want to be led by an uncertain leader. Experienced officers know that it is not so much important WHAT you say but it matters HOW you say it. Audacity is the basic attribute in offensive actions in all times. â€Å"Audacity is a simple plan of action, boldly executed.† Vi olence of actions also matters. According to George S. Patton, â€Å"A good plan violently executed now is better than a perfect plan executed next week†. If a leader is not confident he will not be able to encourage his men to be audacious, he will never help them cope with the fear they face in the battles. Napoleon used to say: â€Å"The whole art of war consists in a well ordered and prudent defensive, followed by a bold and rapid offensive†5. Another basic principle of the art of war is objective, which demands to â€Å"direct all efforts toward a decisive, obtainable goal.† A good leader must be able to give an objective to his soldiers. â€Å"To the soldiers suffering under defeat he made no reproaches, but aptly mingled an appeal to their reason and to their spirit, reminding them how often in Roman history early defeat had been the presage to ultimate victory, how the sure tilting of the balance had already begun the initial disaster found their counte rpoise

Effect Of Media On The Childhood

Effect Of Media On The Childhood Childhood representations are derived from media as well as policies and laws, the two being interrelated. Media images produce influential perceptions about children that may be translated into ideologies and through the same laws and policies influence childrens well being and material needs. Media also highlights that the identity of childhood as a social construction is very different to adulthood. It is depicted as marginalised and incapable. With the introduction of many forms of technology in the past 20 years it is not surprising that media now plays an even greater integral role in shaping childhoods, mine being no exception. All this power exerted by media calls for some form of analysis. In other instances, the childhood figure is overlapped with that of animals, which is evident in the film, LEnfant Sauvage (1969), where Victoire, the wild boy, adapted himself to an uncivilised situation (Mills, 2000). The notion of innocence of children is commonly portrayed in childrens books and films such as Little Lord Fauntleroy, where Cedric symbolises innocence and beauty. Children are deemed to be protected from secret knowledges, namely sexuality and death. In fact, until recently, girls were portrayed as asexual and ignorant of sex (Humphries, Mack Perks, 1988). In contrast, the premature exhibition and sexualisation of young girls and the need of protection of their innocence is highlighted in the film Painted Babies (1993), a film about young girls in beauty pageants (Robinson Davies, 2008). The notion children as vulnerable and in need of protection, is outlined in Dickens Oliver Twist, where Nancy saves Oliver from Bill Sykes physical abuse. The abduction and consequent murder of the young James Bulger is another shocking example vulnerability of children. On the other hand, children are also characterised as being autonomous. In Harry Potter, Harry epitomises this perception in literature in his fight against evil. The feisty independent character Anne Shirley in Anne of Green Gables is another example. Girl power was more related to popular music with phenomena such as the Spice Girls who promoted this neo-liberal feminist identity in teenage girls in the 90s. The novel Coral Island depicts children as apprentices where they develop skills, realise their dreams, and move on to adulthood. However, contemporary Prose fiction works portray children as a distinct group from adults. These works are realistic, sometimes dark, and child-centred exemplified by by Roald Dahls Matilda and Anne Finnes Madame Doubtfire. The images of children presented by the media are multi-faceted and sometimes contrasting, evident in the film Leon, where Mathilda, is portrayed as mature and independent but still perceived as a vulnerable child in need of protection in Leons eyes (ICS, 2010). It should be questioned as to how accurate cultural artefacts actually are. In childrens literature, Hunt implies that authors depict childhood as they perceive it, and therefore not a true reflection. Childrens books are therefore likely to portray attitudes to childhood rather than any individual or culturally agreed childhood (Hunt, 2009). Its power was in the image it left behind, imitated by some children in real life. Nowadays, children are not as influenced by contemporary literature. They have become more knowledgeable and sceptical, the so-called active reader. Texts for these children have lost their power (Hunt, 2009). Readers and viewers may interpret messages in different ways according to their identities and divisions such as age, gender, social class and ethnicity. Globalization of media brings about a certain degree of standardization whereby children in different parts of the world are being exposed to the same stimulus and subsequently start showing some common tra its. Moreover, media itself exercises a degree of control on how messages it delivers are interpreted. This is called the hypodermic syringe model. Messages are not only delivered but new meanings are produced bringing about the double hermeneutic phenomenon. Representational practices play a crucial role in influencing the material lives of children. Prominent music artists have used media to promote the awareness of different races, The most well-known event was Live Aid in 1985 highlighting the plight of starving children in Africa. Media can be a strong influence on health issues in children, evident in the recent significant increase of the illness anorexia nervosa in girls may have been as a result of T.V. and magazines portraying a very slim figure to be the accepted image as well as the explosion of obesity in children. It is estimated that 20 % of children in UK are overweight (James James, 2004). Consequently there is now a drive from all concerned to promote more healthy-eating programme such as Jamie Olivers T.V. series. The film scum by Alan Clarice 1979 portrays how a borstal in UK further brutalises young offenders. Its huge cultural impact was a contributory factor in the 1982 reform that replaced borstals to youth custody centres This is an example how the media can influence the institutions of the State (Mills, 2000). Todays children are more independent, inquisitive, creative, and can use media effectively, forming part of the net generation of childhood. In fact Katz (1997) regards these children able to create their own cultures and communities (Buckingham, 2009: 126). The use of internet is invaluable for these children in the field of education and research. Also, through the introduction of social networks, they are able to communicate freely with one another. There are also some concerns, as children are at risk of exposure to pornography, violence and cyber-stalking. Also, it is argued that they tend to spend more time confined to their room resulting in less family integration. A study between childrens everyday activities and the media showed that among media, television was the prime mover in families lives. This was done through quantitative and qualitative methods using questionnaires, interviews, as well as new methods (Tufte, 2003). Media technology is also influenced by gender and class identities. This is highlighted by the fact that the majority of computer games are played by boys and also that, middle class children have more access to computers than their working class peers. Over the years, different media has shaped my childhood, such as television programmes, magazines, music, the internet, pamphlets, books and billboards. As a young child, Care Bears and Barney, were amongst my favourite programmes. These were education and instilled in me the values of caring and tolerance. Other films include Sleeping Beauty and Cinderella, by providing images of princesses and happy endings which have caused me to dream as a child. Another character worth quoting is Miss Honey in the book Matilda by Roald Dahl who presented as a role model. In fact, at seventeen years of age, I decided to become a teacher, and have always strived to be kind and gentle just like Miss Honey. A Maltese media campaign to keep the environment clean, symbolised by a small hedgehog, Xummiemu, was set up, when I was growing up. These billboards, posters and magazines influenced me in respecting the environment. Messages on billboards such as the advert Smoking kills, on our main roads, had put me off smoking completely and never smoked a single cigarette in my life. As a teenager, the internet was used as a useful source of information in my school assignments. Through MSN Messenger and Skype, I have stayed in touch with my friends and relatives who live abroad. The internet is unique in that it is an interactive form of media allowing childrens global communication and the promotion of their creativity and spontaneity. I feel close to this culture which is critical of what media portrays even when the same media seems to have taken over our lives. Word count: 1,347 References Buckingham, D. (2009). New media, new childhoods? Childrens changing cultural environment in the age of digital technology in M. J. Kehily (Ed.), An introduction to Childhood Studies (2nd Edition) (pp. 124-138). Berkshire: Open University Press. Humphries, S., Mack, J. Perks, R. (1988). A Century of Childhood, London: Sidgwick Jackson. Hunt, P. (2009). Childrens literature and childhood in M. J. Kehily (Ed.), An introduction to Childhood Studies (2nd Edition) (pp. 50-69). Berkshire: Open University Press. ICS (2010). Sociology of Childhood, Study Guide 1. Glasgow: ICS. James, A. James, A. L. (2004). Constructing Childhood: Theory, Policy and Social Practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. Katz, J. (1997). Virtuous Reality: How America Surrendered Discussion of Moral Values to Opportunists, Nitwits and Blockheads like William Bennett. New York: Random House. Mills, J. Mills, R. (2000) Childhood Studies: A Reader in perspectives of childhood, Routledge, New York. Mills, R. (2000). Perspectives of Childhood in J. Mills R. Mills (Eds.), Childhood Studies: A Reader in perspectives of childhood (pp. 7-37). London: Routledge. Robinson, K. H. Davies, C. (2008). SHES KICKIN ASS, THATS WHAT SHES DOING! Deconstructing Childhood Innocence in Media Representations. Australian Feminist Studies, 23, 343- 358. Tufte, B. (2003). Children, media and consumption. Advertising Marketing to Children, October-December, 69-76. Discuss the role family plays in shaping childhood. Give examples of cultures within a family structure and reflect on your own culture. There is general consensus that family does shape childhood from the first minute its parent(s) start to interact with it in the context of a wider culture. (Gittens, 2009: 36). The family is the foundation of social stability and the primary means of social reproduction. This institution moulds the child through education, morals, values beliefs (James James, 2004). Family besides the traditional nuclear family also includes lone parent, gay/lesbian, extended families, and cohabitation. Indeed, the family is instrumental in shaping the child to become an integral part of society (ICS, 2010b). Childhoods are dependent on the identities and positions of the childs family, as these will have different structures, resulting in different experiences (ICS, 2010a). In recent years delayed child bearing means that children are less likely to share the companionship of siblings or wider kin. Single parent families are the second highest risk factor, after unemployment, for children to live in poverty (Clarke, 1996). Lower social class, unemployment, alcoholism, and drug abuse have serious consequences on childrens well-being in the shape of poverty, poor social conditions, mental health problems and physical abuse. Children from minor ethnic families may be disadvantaged as a result of poorer housing conditions and lower pay as well as an increased prevalence of chronic diseases such as rickets and T.B (James James, 2004). Also, parents lifestyles may affect childrens lives directly. Smoking in families is detrimental to childrens health, significantly increasing asthma in their children. Nowadays, most parents work leaving less time to prepare meals, which may result in children eating more junk food. Armstrong, Hill and Secker (2000) argue the beneficial effects of parental affection on the childs well-being. In comparison family breakdowns, increasing in number, are a cause of stress and mental problems in children (James James, 2004; Armstrong et al., 2000). Childrens identity is seen as a passive experience of being parented. Children possess a Double Status; the kinship status as the child and the age-based status as the minor. The link between womanhood and childhood is focused on childrens needs discourses (Lawler, 2000). According to research, the function of the family is specific to the fulfilment of gender-based roles, where females are a source of care and expression, and males the main source of income (ICS, 2010a: 15; MacNaughton Smith, 2009). Parents act as role models by setting examples which are crucial in shaping childhood. Children also learn gender roles from the family. For example, if cooking is done only by the mother they might associate it exclusively with females (MacNaughton Smith, 2009). State laws and policies use the family to implement and control children. The state also uses the family as an ally in the battle for social control (James James, 2004: 191)) and increasingly regulates childrens lives (James James, 2004). Development of family friendly employment practice through social benefits, results in more stable families, better support of children during their education, and reduced levels of delinquency (James James, 2004). The child is regarded as the object of legal rulings with childrens rights generally overruled by their parents claiming to act in the best interest of the child, thus their agency being denied (James James, 2004: 201). The effective voice of children in family proceedings is well documented, both in the Children Act and the UNCRC. However, the implementation to date is another matter, even welfare professionals view children both as carefree and powerless (ICS, 2010b: 45). In fact, family law in England and Wales classifies a child as a person with a disability (James James, 2004: 200). In every culture lies marriage, residence, family size and composition, family status and role, family power and authority, family communication that are quite universal. These elements of family structure in vary from one society to another (Uddin, 2009: 438). The representation of the family structure in Western culture is usually portrayed as a nuclear family composed of two siblings. This model is still portrayed as ideal according to mainstream parents websites such as bounty.com. Media has always portrayed an image of the Western family. Nowadays, it brings us a variety of different family structures including gay couples and single parents. In Muslim cultures, there are clearer gender demarcations where all family affairs are decided by the senior male member, leaving other family members fully dependent on their decisions without any say (Uddin, 2009). The male is usually the bread winner whilst women take on the emotional role such as child rearing and household chores (Uddin, 2007). Another feature of this community is the large family size, thus an extended family structure is adopted to ensure adequate family support. Family structures in Muslim Western communities vary from those in more traditional societies as the former face lifestyle choices which are not available to the latter. Middle-class, though not working-class, Muslims have expectations and a level of education comparable to non-Muslims (Abbas, 2003; Ahmad, 2001). Muslims regard their Islamic faith as fundamental to their identity. However, Sikhs and Hindus consider education to be their main priority, allowing greater occupational opportunities, class mobility, integration and acceptance (Abbas, 2003). On a more personal note, I grew up in a traditional Maltese Roman Catholic nuclear family consisting of four members; my parents, my older sister and myself. This is the most common structure in Malta. My father is a doctor and my mother is a housewife who gave up her job as a secretary to raise us. My parents raised us striking a balance between being open to change but holding onto the strong values of Maltese culture and Roman Catholic beliefs. These beliefs form an integral role in our way of life and shape our views on family. Family authority has always been shared between my parents. However, they have always valued our opinions, even as children. This has created an open communicative relationship between us. The family has influenced many aspects of my life. Due to my large extended family, I grew up surrounded by younger children, playing with and teaching them. This sparked my interest in teaching Early Years. The short distances facilitated the formation of strong family bonds. We live in a typical neighbourhood where people lend a helping hand when needed, though can be nosy. Despite Malta being a small island, we are not insular as we are influenced by other cultures, namely British and Italian. We are multi-lingual and have a Western outlook. We are also influenced by foreign family ties, my grandmother being British. Our culture motivates us to maximise our potential by pursuing a higher education, particularly a University degree. Opportunities are few and competition is high. Ambition is instilled from an early age, and expectations are high. I form part of a very close- knit family which is dependable and supportive. We consider this to be our role and responsibility to each ot her. I enjoy the security and stability of our family whilst still enjoying my independence and autonomy. All the aforementioned aspects are crucial as the resources and environment of the family have a direct influence on how children and adolescents deal with emotions, relationships as well as their potential for future success (Wen, 2008). Nonetheless, it is fundamental to perceive the child as an individual actor whose needs must be considered in the context of their own childhood and not merely as an extension of the needs of all of those who share the status of being children. Word count: 1,241

Psy/265 Sexuality at Different Life Stages Essay

There are changes in every stage of life including sexual changes that follow us as we grow older. With the following scenario’s that talk about the different points of our awareness and stages of sexual relationships, I will suggest from a counselors perspective ways to help each person in the settings presented. The first case is Anna, an adolescent girl, is very much in love with her boyfriend who is three years older than she. He is putting a lot of pressure on her to have sex. At the same time, she is anxious about her parents’ attitude towards her boyfriend. Her mother constantly warns her about dating an older boy and assumes that he intends to take advantage of her. The first thing I would go about is setting a relaxed and comfortable exchange to allow Anna to express her own opinions, in doing so I would simply ask her what she feels about having sex with her boyfriend, not how her parents feel, not how her boyfriend feels, but how does she feel about it. I would then ask her is she was prepared to have sex, has she discussed with her boyfriend what precautions they would take, and what they would be prepared to do if something happened and she became pregnant. Some of the questions would be directed towards her once I could visually observe her, I would ask her if she was feeling peer pressure to have sex, or if her boyfriend was pressuring her to have sex. I would also explain that sometimes it is okay to say no to sex and just because her friends say they have or are encouraging her to have sex does not necessarily mean it is the right decision for her. I would also enter into a discussion of what sex means to her, and bring about the questions to see if she feels if she does not have sex with him she would perhaps loose him. I would recommend to her that she see a gynecologist or her family doctor to further explore all the birth control options and make sure she understands that even though it is a shared responsibility with her and her boyfriend, she should make sure she is practicing safe sex. For me I would also mention that her mother is concerned, because Anna is her daughter. I would ask her if she had any questions for me, and then assure her that what ever we discuss is between us and she can feel free to come to talk with me at anytime. I would also tell her to take all the time she needed to come to her decision, and make it because it is what is right for her. I am a realist, and all we can do is provide the kids with good information and hope that we have given them enough of it for them to make a decision that is right and safe for them. Tom and Susan are an elderly couple. Tom has been retired for several years, and Susan is more recently retired. She has shown a renewed interest in sexual activity. Tom has not reciprocated Susan’s interest as he is anxious about his sexual ability at this age. I feel it would be best to first address some issues with Tom and see if he felt there was a possible physical reason that perhaps he had not brought up prior to this. Several factors may play a role in sexual inactivity including declining activity, physical problems, boredom, and attitudes about sex among older people. If he was having physical issues I would suggest to him that perhaps he should see his physician about some of the things that may help in this area. Many men have problems with erections due to stress and other factors, and when you can get to the cause of it, there is often help for it. I would discuss with them about Susan’s recent retirement and see if that change has triggered her to have some extra energy and less stress from not having a regular scheduled job. I would suggest that they try date night, or think about activities or things that used to make them feel more romantic, and suggest that they try to stop thinking about it and just let it naturally occur. Go out and do things that make you both happy, couple things, individual things, get to know each other again because in a sense that is what they are doing, getting to know each other again. I would encourage them to communicate and talk about things, not turn the television on or the phone on when they go to bed, and discuss their needs openly with each other and figure out what will meet both of their needs. Bill has been paralyzed from the waist down since he was a child. He is involved in a romantic relationship and wishes to be intimate with his partner but is unsure how to express his interest. Bill becomes very nervous and uncomfortable when talking about this subject Sex and the ability to have sex with a partner and have a long term intimate relationship is desired as much by people with a disability as it is with most people. The amount of physical sexual function and ability to feel pleasure or pain sensation is often the first thing they think of, raising fear and anxiety. Yet it is something we all desire because sex enriches our lives and brings us to understanding and closer relationships with our partners. People with a physical disability often have a poor self body image, thinking they are damaged goods, broken, somehow less than. These feelings are normal you should talk about them with your partner, but don’t dwell on them. Healthy love making is about pleasing your partner. Often people in Bill’s situation find excitement and release simply from the closeness of pleasuring their partner. Healthy sexuality involves warmth, tenderness, and love, not just genital contact, so I would encourage Bill to step outside of his comfort zone and talk to his partner about how he feels. I recommend that Bill seek his physician’s medical opinion and assistance to see if one of the clinical treatments for erectile dysfunction, such as Viagra could improve the quality of erections and sexual activity with him. I would also remind him that orgasm after paralysis is possible for some men but it is often not the same as it is usually defined. It can become less physical, less focused on the genitals and more about his state of mind. It is important Bill comes to understand that the loss of sensation does not rule out loss of sexuality. In conclusion, we all experience sexual awareness and activity during all ages of our lives. So we all need to take a moment to just breathe and know we are not alone. Talk to our partners, talk with our physicians/counselors and learn what will work for you in your own situation. Take control of your life and learn to understand your own body. References Rathus, S. A. , Nevid, J. S. , and Fichner-Rathus, L. (2011). Human sexuality in a world of diversity. (8th ed. ) Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.